The characterization of photovoltaic cells is important for verifying and improving their efficiency because this determines their electrical power generation capacity. This highly available secondary source depends on certain geographic factors such as solar irradiance and temperature. In this work, the authors present a performance characterization of quantum well and quantum dot photovoltaic cells using own developments in open-source software and open standards, with an accuracy of around 99.99%. This is possible based on the proposed physical model and associated equations, along with the parameters determined for each of the cells under study. The results obtained using open-source software is compared with those obtained using commercial software tools. The results obtained in the laboratory made it possible to characterize the performance and efficiency of various photovoltaic cells based on quantum well and quantum dot technology under different temperature and solar irradiance conditions.